Diabetes occurs when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin or the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone responsible for controlling the level of glucose in the blood. A defect in blood sugar is the cause of serious damage to many of the body's organs, especially nerves and blood vessels. Diabetes is divided into two types:
1) Type 1 diabetes:
This type of diabetes is dependent on insulin or insulin production deficiency and requires daily insulin use
2) Type 2 diabetes:
In this type, the body cannot use insulin properly, leading to high blood sugar if not treated.
Symptoms
The symptoms of diabetes depend on how high the blood sugar level is. Some people may be asymptomatic, but in the case of type 1 diabetes, symptoms usually appear quickly.
1-Weight Loss
2-Damage to blood vessels in the heart, eyes, and kidney nerves
3-Feeling thirsty more than usual
4-Recurrent infections, such as gum, skin, and vaginal infections
5-Frequent urination
6-Feeling tired and weak
7-Mood swings
8-Slow wound healing
Reasons
It is a chronic medical condition that occurs when the pancreas produces very little insulin or does not produce insulin permanently, usually starting in childhood or youth, but can develop at any age
Risk factors
- Family History
- High levels of triglycerides in the blood
- PCOS
- People with obesity
- Race: Some people of races and races, including black people and Asians, are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than white people.
Complications
1-Cataracts or glaucoma may cause damage to the retina's blood vessels
2-Risk of heart disease and stroke
3-High blood pressure and atherosclerosis
4-sore in the foot and may lead to amputation
5-Digestion problems such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation
6-Kidney damage caused by diabetes
7-Skin and Mouth Diseases
8-Hearing impairment
9-Alzheimer's Disease
10-Depression
11-Complications of pregnancy diabetes
Diabetes must be diagnosed as soon as possible; If left untreated, it is a life-threatening condition.
Prevention
Type 1 diabetes cannot be avoided. But a healthy lifestyle helps treat prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes and may also be useful in preventing these diseases, including:
- Eat Healthy Food: Choose Low Fat and High Fiber Foods
- Ensure that moderate aerobic activities are performed for about 30 minutes every day
- Eliminate excess weight
- Use of sugar therapy drugs such as metformin under the supervision of a competent doctor
- Check your blood sugar at least once a year
- Avoid smoking
Treatment
The treatment aims to keep blood glucose levels as normal as possible, and to control symptoms; To prevent health problems and complications, since the body cannot produce insulin, the patient will need to use insulin injections regularly under medical supervision to maintain normal glucose levels.
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